Criminal Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Organization - Research Paper Example MS-13 was formed in 1980s on the streets of Los Angeles’ Rampart and Pico-Union barrios by immigrants running away from civil war in El Salvador. Initially, MS-13 referred to itself as the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners2. It stressed partying and friendship, and the members defended each other from Hispanic bunch of criminals that intimidated them. MS-13 has evolved into a latent, atrocious, transnational criminal organization right from its foundation as a turf-oriented street gang. MS-13 had its origin in the barrios of 1980s Los Angeles (LA). It was started with an objective of providing its members with a means of negotiating economic adversity, victimization and social isolation by other gangs just like any other LA gangs. Gangs advance an alternative, yet powerful individuality for individual associates in doing so, and usual provide entry into wider criminal activities3. MS-13, translated slackly as street-smart Salvadoran group, appeared as a means for Salvadoran immigrants to unite together against exploitation by the then dominant 18th Street gang. The Mara Salvatrucha Stoners evolved into Mara Salvatrucha 13 when it became a section of the constellation of Sureà ±os- gangs in the red fealty to the Mexican mafia prison gang referred to as La Eme. The 13 refers to the letter M (Eme) the 13th letter of the alphabet, not 13th street as is usually incorrectly stipulated. Since it was formed, the gang known as ms-13 has been evolving from a territorial gang to a more sophisticated gang that is working in the disguise of development activities, like influencing on good grounds and creating opportunities. Instead, the gang that was formed with positive intension has turned out to be a gang of thugs. They have been divided in order of ranks. Members of this gang assume that the gang is brought together by peaceful links and co-existence amongst themselves4. Hence, it is assumed that members from Los Angeles and San

Types of CAPTCHA

Types of CAPTCHA Text-Based CAPTCHAs CAPTCHA was at first conceived by Andrei Broder and his associates in 1997 and around the same time Altavista site utilized this technique as a HIP around the same time. This strategy utilized a contorted English word that a client was made a request to sort. The bended word was less demanding for clients to see however troublesome for bots to perceive utilizing OCR procedures. Content based CAPTCHAs are as a picture containing a hard to perceive content string to be distinguished and written by the client in a content box gave close to the CAPTCHA picture on the Web page. The CAPTCHA picture is of low quality with various types of clamor and solid debasement connected to it. Blum and Von Ahn in Collaboration with Yahoo contrived EZ-Gimpy and Gimpy CAPTCHA to shield talk rooms from spammers. These CAPTCHAs challenges have been broken by lexicon assaults which contained a predetermined number of words in them. A more secure sort of content based HIP, called reCAPTCHA has been proposed by similar creators. Confuse Text CAPTCHA is the Xerox Pato Alto Research Center (PARC) form of Gimpy test. Unmistakable content based CAPTCHA methods incorporate Scatter Type, Handwritten Word based CAPTCHA and Human Visual System veiling Characteristic CAPTCHA. Different specialist organizations on the Internet like PayPal, Hotmail and YouTube utilize their own forms of content construct CAPTCHAs considering their sites and overhaul them with more current forms every now and again. With a point of enhancing ease of use of content based CAPTCHAs, Richard Chow et al have proposed a nonexclusive system for changing over a literary CAPTCHA into an interactive CAPTCHA. It propos es situation of various content CAPTCHA pictures in a matrix among which some are English words while others are not. The client must tap on all legitimate English words to breeze through this CAPTCHA test. Image-Based CAPTCHAs Blum and Von Ahn proposed at first picture based CAPTCHA called ESP-PIX CAPTCHA. It utilized a bigger database of photos and energized pictures of ordinary items. The CAPTCHA framework gave a client an arrangement of pictures all connected with a similar question or idea. The client was required to enter the question or idea to which every one of the pictures had a place with e.g. the program may show pictures of Globe, Volleyball, Planet and baseball anticipating that the client should effectively relate every one of these photos with the word ball. When all is said in done picture based CAPTCHAs show a visual example or idea that the client needs to distinguish and act as needs be. Diverse picture based CAPTCHA plot utilizes distinctive examples or ideas which are anything but difficult to be perceived by the clients and troublesome for the bot projects to mimic. Other than a few others, this class of CAPTCHA strategies include: Microsoft Asirra, Image Generation for Internet Authe ntication, Image Block Exchange and Face Recognition CAPTCHAs. Mosaic-based Human Interactive Proof called MosaHIP proposes a CAPTCHA conspire for securing the download of asset against Web-bots. It utilizes a solitary bigger picture called mosaic picture which is made from littler and halfway covering genuine and fake pictures. The client needs to drag an asset communicated in type of versatile content protest on the site page and drop it onto the zone of the mosaic picture containing the picture showed in the CAPTCHA picture. Google has proposed a CAPTCHA strategy in which a client must alter randomly pivoted pictures to their upright positioning. As of late, an Image Flip CAPTCHA technique proposes utilization of a composite CAPTCHA picture involving flipped and non-flipped pictures. The client needs to tap on all pictures that show up as ordinary and with no flip connected to them. Audio-Based CAPTCHAs The main sound based CAPTCHA was actualized by Nancy Chan to give another option to content based CAPTCHAs for outwardly impeded individuals. Sound CAPTCHAs take an arbitrary grouping drawn from recordings of straightforward words or numbers, consolidate them and add some unsettling influence and clamor to it. This recording is played when the client clicks a catch gave on the website page. The CAPTCHA framework then requests that the client enter the words or potentially numbers in the recording. Sound CAPTCHAs are more hard to tackle, hard to internationalize and more requesting as far as time and endeavors in contrast with content and picture CAPTCHAs. Notwithstanding, sound based CAPTCHA tests have turned into an option for outwardly impeded individuals. Most Web administrations incorporate it notwithstanding content and picture CAPTCHAs. Different CAPTCHAs Besides above sorts of CAPTCHA tests, Collaborative Filtering and Implicit CAPTCHA challenge have been proposed in writing. Joint separation CAPTCHAs approaches contrast from others in the scenes that CAPTCHA creators dont know at first the right solution for their planned CAPTCHA, however measure it from human conclusion. Understood CAPTCHA proposes single tick difficulties recognized as fundamental perusing joins which can be replied through involvement of the setting of the Website.

Steroids Essay -- social issues

Steroids In the past three decades, steroids has been becoming a serious problem more than ever in the athletic field. Steroids are anabolic drug "to build" growth hormones that include the androgens (male sex hormones) principally testosterone and estrogen and progestogens (female sex hormones). Steroids were first developed for medical purposes. They're used in controlling inflammation, strengthening weakened hearts, preventing conception, and alleviating symptoms of arthritis and asthma. Unfortunately research has shown that steroids have been abused in almost every kind of sport. Although steroids contribute to a muscular body, usage should remain illegal because they physically deteriorate and mentally destroy the body. Many people are fascinated about steroids because of their ability to build up the body. Whether taken by injection or the pill it increases strength and endurance. Steroids also help in the healing process of muscular tissue by first injuring them, then the muscles heal quicker adding more fiber increasing their bulk. Many athletes turn to steroids more often because they're cheaper then marijuana or cocaine. A ten week cycle of testosterone cypinate and methandrostone costs only about one hundred dollars. Steroids are also very hard to trace because of their water base composition. They can pass through the body within two days. All these benefits of steroids help an athletes become more competitive and increase their chance of being a winner. ...

Literary Analysis “Life After High School” Essay

The short story, â€Å"Life After High School† by Joyce Carol Oates, is set in the small town of South Lebanon, New York in 1959. The first three quarters of the story is the tragic tale of one-sided love where Zachary Graff, the intelligent but socially awkward teenager falls in love with Sunny Burhman, the attractive and popular girl that everyone adores. She rejects his proposal and he can’t take it and decides to take his own life. Later, we find out his real love was Tobias, his one friend. His love for Sunny was his last way to fit in with the norms of society. Oates shows us the intertwined lives of three high school students and the paths taken to free themselves of the entrapment of their uncomfortable 1950s conventional lifestyles. Barbara â€Å"Sunny† Burhman is known as the popular too good to be true Christian girl in the story. She was everything the perfect, all American 1950’s girl was supposed to be. In the beginning of the story she is referred to as ‘Sunny’ because her 6th grade teacher suggested calling her this because of her sunny personality. â€Å"Tell you what, boys and girls – let’s call Barbara ‘Sunny’ from now on – that’s what she is† (Oates 512). Sunny’s freedom came by Zachary taking his own life. â€Å"The irony had not escaped Barbara Burhman that, in casting away his young life so recklessly, Zachary Graff had freed her for hers† (Oates 518). She drops the name Sunny and just goes by Barbara Burhman. When she goes off to school she excels in college and solely works on academics. She drops all the â€Å"Sunny† aspects of her life that trapped her and she became a prestigious teacher and author. There was no place for an agnostic gay male like Tobias Shanks in a 1950’s small town high school and he is forced to lead his life in secrecy. After Zachary’s death Tobias Shank’s secret is safe from his fellow high school students. Tobias, like Barbara, changes his name after high school and goes by T.R. Shanks. Unlike Barbara, the author doesn’t let us know Tobias’ exact  point of his freedom from the restrictions of the 50’s lifestyle, but it does come. It possibly comes after the changing times of the 60’s and 70’s. T.R. is able to come out and find his place in the world as a gay man. He goes on to become a successful playwright and director winning many awards Oates leads us to believe that in the beginning of the story Zachary is a typical awkward intellectual that falls in love with the perfect girl in his high school. In reality, his true love is his one friend Tobias, but the constraints of the 1950’s lifestyle led Zachary to believe that Sunny was his perfect choice. Up until death Zachary was conflicted. When both Sunny and Tobias reject him, death seems his only way to freedom. Oates gives some additional insight about Zachary’s thoughts by telling the reader the contents of his car after his suicide. The author, by her quirky ending, left it up to the reader to decide that Zachary may have contemplated other scenarios that possibly wouldn’t have been appropriate with the 50’s perfect life style. In Zachary’s suicide note he takes responsibility and releases all parties of any guilt. This suggests that he did feel constrained by the 50’s lifestyle to the very end. Oates writes a story about three high school students of the 1950’s that students of today can empathize with. Although there still may be other issues of acceptance, the time period in which the story is placed was an especially conservative time. Suicide, homosexuality, and women playing important roles in society outside the home were not part of the social norm of the 50’s. Today these issues are much more accepted. Oates shows us the intertwined lives of three students and the paths taken to free themselves of the entrapment of their uncomfortable 1950s conventional lifestyles.

Ptlls Ass 1 Level 4

Ass2. V1 Assessment 2: 008 ‘Evaluate legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to the role and responsibilities of the teacher’ Teachers, Tutors, Industry Trainers and Instructors are governed by a wide range of legislation in their practice. Each piece of legislation is from a different area which makes these professions a challenging and at times a frustrating area to develop those students that are there and willing to learn. 1. 1 The key aspects of legislation that regulate the area that I teach are varied.We are all governed by The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974, Data Protection Act 2008 and the Equality Act 2010 to name but a few. The key regulatory requirements that I work to are as follows: The Company Health, Safety & Welfare Policy Company Equal Opportunities Policy CDG (Carriage of Dangerous Goods & Transport of Pressure Equipment Regulations 2011) as amended. ADR (European Agreement Concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road 2011) . The regulations are amended and updated every 2 years. SQA (Scottish Qualifications Association) Manual of practice.This manual has been produced by the SQA to ensure that all training providers have met the set criteria as laid down for the Instructors qualifications to conduct the ADR Driver Training Courses. The list above is an extract of the key regulations that are within my main teaching responsibilities. In addition, there are many more that deal with differing aspects of industry training that we conduct for other companies. The complete list would be far too long and it is only a summary of the key aspects that are required. 2. With the above mentioned regulations there are key boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles. I suggest that we analyse the difference between these boundaries. The teacher? s role is to pass the knowledge of the subject they are teaching to the students in a professional manner and without prejudice to any member of the cl ass. At times hurdles could be put in the way for the teacher, such as learning difficulties (dyslexia), according to (Petty, 2009, p. 89) â€Å"Never show impatience with a dyslexic student; they are much more frustrated by their difficulties than you can ever be! 1 Ass2. V1 There are also behavioural issues ADHD, (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and social boundaries (Henley,2009 [online]) following the case against Helen Goddard a 26 year old public school teacher who after having a sexual relationship with a pupil was sentenced to 15 months in prison. There are set boundaries that you as a teacher should not cross or challenge as a „Professional? e. g. ; ignore a sexist or racist comment, criticize students in front of peers, colleagues or other students.You must remember that you are looked up to by most of your students as a role model. You may be the only person that they can talk to about their needs outside school or college. They may want to tell you somet hing in confidence, as a professional you must remind them that you will have to report the conversation to your peers. In my opinion within other professions to give students constructive criticism when other colleagues are present is acceptable as the other colleagues may have more experience within that certain area of the subject that is being taught to the students.Despite this your responsibility as a teacher is to ensure that this situation does not intimidate or become overbearing for the student. As a teacher / tutor within the education profession ask yourself one question: What makes a good teacher / tutor? The answer to this question could come to you from your students or pupils. As a student on a PTLLS course we researched this question in the class and came to the conclusion that most teachers need to be some of the following; Kind, Knowledgeable, Firm but Fair, Doesn? t give up on the students, Tells the truth, Encourages all of the students, Keeps confidences, Profe ssional.Other professional roles can be similar in respect to the type of character and integrity that is required. In the local communities we have numerous adult volunteer organisations that will have certain rules and guidelines that the adults must adhere to. 2. 2 To meet the needs of all your learners you as a teacher / tutor need to ensure that you plan for the needs of all your students. To do this effectively you need to adapt a training cycle. The elements of the training cycle are to plan, deliver, identify needs, assess and evaluate.These processes are necessary, not just to aid the logistics of teaching but to allow the levels of accountability in schools, colleges and training companies to operate. â€Å"They have a particular accountability to their profession, a responsibility to their peers and their students to uphold high professional standards to the culture of the country and the community. † (Scott, P 1989 cited in Briggs and Sommefeldt, 2002, p92) In you r own establishment as to how you implement the training cycle is paramount to how your students will stay motivated.This will allow you as an effective teacher / tutor to evaluate and assess the lessons that have delivered. This all goes hand in hand with the planning process, identifying the needs and delivery of the lesson. This will allow 2 Ass2. V1 you to review your planning through assessment of the students work and your self evaluation of how the lesson has gone. In my career as an industry tutor I have had experience of a student that was diagnosed as having a degree of dyslexia. In the classroom environment this was not a problem as all of the training materials were in colour.However when it came to the exams he used a green filter (Clisby et al. , 2000 [online] ) laid on top of the question paper as it was printed on white paper. This allowed the student to be able to read and understand the questions that he needed to answer to gain a 70% pass mark for the exams that w ere taken on that day. To become an effective and professional teacher / tutor you need to review all your learners? needs in whatever the learning environment. 2. 3 To evaluate your own responsibilities with other professionals you must be able to understand what other professionals do as a profession.As a teacher / tutor you will have a professional relationship with differing types of professionals. School Governing Body, Support Staff and at those others within the local authority that support them. The larger professional bodies associated with the teaching profession are NUT (National Union of Teachers), ATL (Association of Teachers and Lecturers) and the NAHT (National Association of Head Teachers). To evaluate my own responsibilities with other professional bodies that are associated with my profession in this case would include, RTITB (Road Transport Industry Training Board).Within this body as a qualified FLT Instructor (Fork Lift Truck Instructor) I have responsibilities to both my students and to the training manager. These are to ensure the course is conducted the correct time frame, e. g. a Counterbalance Fork Lift course with a ratio of 3-1 it would be completed in 5 days with each day consisting of 8 hours training per day. DSA (Driver Standards Agency) within this professional body I am a qualified LGV (Large Goods Vehicle) Driving Instructor the responsibilities that affect me are to ensure that when the vehicle is presented for a driving test that it is fit for purpose.The vehicle has to be of a set standard e. g. it must have eight forward gears, ABS brakes (Anti-Lock Brakes) seatbelts fitted for both the driver and the examiner (DSA 2012 [online]). I have further responsibilities when conducting courses for drivers in the carriage of dangerous goods. The SQA (Scottish Qualifications Association) are the governing body for the control of the examinations and the syllabus that is to be taught to the students. There are set times and criteria set out by the SQA for the conduct of the course and the set times allocated to each training module. Ass2. V1 To summarise there are many legal issues that can constrain the duties of a teacher / tutor, e. g. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and The Data Protection Act 2008. We must remember that although certain people will say that they hinder you from doing your job, they are there to protect you and the students. There are many boundaries that are set out to protect students and teacher / tutor. You are in a profession that is seen in the public eye as a good profession to be a part of.To keep yourself as a professional you should always act in a professional manner. Honesty and integrity go a long way in this profession. References Henley, J. (2009) „Blurred boundaries for teachers? [online] Available from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/education/2009/sep/23/teacher-pupil-sexual-relationship (accessed 07. 10. 2012) Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today: A Practical Guide. Fo urth Edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Briggs, ARJ. and Sommefeldt, D. „Managing Effective Learning and Teaching, London: Paul Chapman PublishingClisby C, Fowler MS, Hebb GS, Walters J, Southcott P & Stein JF(2000) Outcome of treatment of visual problems in children with reading difficulties, Professional Association of Teachers in Special Situations (PATOSS) Bulletin Nov. 2000, 914. [online] Available from: http://www. dyslexic. org. uk/docs/Visual%20Problems%20-02-11-18. pdf (accessed 07. 10. 2012) Driving Standards Agency (2012) „Minimum Test Vehicle Requirements? [online] Available from: http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/Motoring/DriverLicensing/CaravansTrailersCommercialVehi cles/DG_4022527) (accessed on 20. 9. 2012) 4